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TO , prep. Many of the meanings of ‘to’ are expressed by prepositions or affixes, or by the infin. mood, or are in- herent in the inflections of the Sanskrit noun; thus,
(Mo- tion to or toward any place) expressed by the acc. case alone, or with प्रति &c. added; as, ‘he went to the city,’ नगरं or नगरं प्रति जगाम, or by the gen. c., with अन्तिकं &c.; as, ‘he sent me to you,’ मां तवान्तिकं or तव सकाशम् अप्रैबीत्. —
(Motion to any state) by the acc. c.; as, ‘he attains to fame,’ ख्यातिं याति. —
(Adaptation) by the dat. c. or crude form; as, ‘that husband was not to her taste,’ स पतिस्तस्याः सन्तोषाय नाभवत्; ‘suited to royalty,’ राजयोग्यः -ग्या-ग्यं, राजार्हः &c.; ‘that is pleasing to me,’ तन् मह्यं रोचते. —
(Address, declaration, compellation) by the acc. c. or dat. c.; as, ‘he addressed a speech to the king,’ राजानं वचनम्अब्रवीत्; ‘speak to me,’ मां ब्रूहि; ‘I will declare this to my pupils,’ शिष्येभ्यः प्रवक्ष्यामि तत्; ‘he made it known to the king,’ तद् राज्ञे विज्ञापयति. —
(Giving) by the dat., gen., or loc. c.; ‘he gives sweetmeats to his son,’ पुत्राय or पुत्रस्यमोदकान् ददाति. — (Up to, as far as, denoting extent, degree, &c.) आ prefixed to the abl. or acc. c., पर्य्यन्त or अन्त in comp.; as, ‘to the ocean,’ आसमुद्रात् or समुद्रपर्य्यन्तं; ‘to the throat,’ आकण्ठात्; ‘to the knee,’ आजानु; ‘the numbers from one up to ten thousand,’ एकाद्ययुतान्तसंख्याः. —
(Posses- sion, appertainment) by the gen. c.; as, ‘money belongs to me,’ मम धनं भवति. —
(Purpose, intention, object) by the dat. c. or infin. mood, or by अर्थं &c. affixed; as, ‘the sat down to consult,’ मन्त्रणाय or मन्त्रयितुं or मन्त्रणार्थम् उपविष्टाः; ‘the barber came to shave his master,’ भर्त्तृक्षौरकरणाय नापितआगच्छत्; ‘he came to make peace,’ सन्धिं कर्त्तुम् आगच्छत्; ‘give me something to eat,’ आहारार्थं किञ्चिन् मम देहि. —
(As a sign of the infinitive) expressed by the infinitive, or by यथा &c.; as, ‘unable to move,’ चलितुम् असमर्थः; ‘I desire to hear,’ श्रोतुम् इच्छामि; ‘I did not expect to see you again,’ न म आसीद् आशंसा यथा पुनरपि त्वां प्रेक्षिप्ये. There may be other ways of expressing ‘to’ in Sanskrit, as in the following examples: ‘the peacock dances to the songs of the bees,’ शिखी नृत्यति मधुकरगीतैः; ‘he performed penance to the deity,’ देवम् उद्दिश्य तपस् तेपे; ‘the town was speedily reduced to ashes,’ नगरी सहसा भस्मसाद् अक्रियत; ‘compared to that,’ तदपेक्ष्य or तदपेक्षया; ‘to the east of the village,’ प्राग् ग्रामात्; ‘he goes to and fro,’ गमनागमनं करोति,seeFRO; ‘to one's face,’ प्रत्यक्षं -क्षतस्, समक्षं; ‘to a man,’ अशे-षतस्, अशेषेण; ‘I have a debt to pay,’ मया ऋणं दातव्यं; ‘ready to go,’ गन्तुम् उद्यतः, गमनोन्मुखः; ‘he causes her to enter the house,’ तां गृहं प्रवेशयति.
ROOTS: प्रतिनगरंजगामअन्तिकंमांतवान्तिकंतवसकाशम्अप्रैबीत्ख्यातिंयातिसपतिस्तस्यासन्तोषायनाभवत्राजयोग्यग्याग्यंराजार्हतन्मह्यंरोचतेराजानंवचनम्अब्रवीत्ब्रूहिशिष्येभ्यप्रवक्ष्यामितत्तद्राज्ञेविज्ञापयतिपुत्रायपुत्रस्यमोदकान्ददातिआपर्य्यन्तअन्तआसमुद्रात्समुद्रपर्य्यन्तंआकण्ठात्आजानुएकाद्ययुतान्तसंख्याममधनंभवतिअर्थंमन्त्रणायमन्त्रयितुंमन्त्रणार्थम्उपविष्टाभर्त्तृक्षौरकरणायनापितआगच्छत्सन्धिंकर्त्तुम्आहारार्थंकिञ्चिन्देहियथाचलितुम्असमर्थश्रोतुम्इच्छामिनमआसीद्आशंसापुनरपित्वांप्रेक्षिप्येशिखीनृत्यतिमधुकरगीतैदेवम्उद्दिश्यतपस्तेपेनगरीसहसाभस्मसाद्अक्रियततदपेक्ष्यतदपेक्षयाप्राग्ग्रामात्गमनागमनंकरोतिप्रत्यक्षंक्षतस्समक्षंअशेषतस्अशेषेणमयाऋणंदातव्यंगन्तुम्उद्यतगमनोन्मुखतांगृहंप्रवेशयति
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